DD+Unit+I+Practice+Questions

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//The following are student-developed test questions taken from the Learning Objectives. For tips on how to create questions, take a look at: Tips For Making Practice Questons. For questions, contact Ben Wendell.//

=**Questions (answers at bottom of page):**=

1. Pharmacodynamics and Drug Receptors
1.1 Which of the following is true for a drug that acts as a reversibly-binding partial agonist? > a) The effect of the drug cannot be overcome by an increase in the endogenous agonist. > b) The drug will have an effect on the E max of the endogenous agonist. > c) The drug will have an effect on EC 50 of the endogenous agonist. > d) The drug will effectively decrease the efficacy of the endogenous agonist. > e) B and C

1.2 Which of the following is most dependent on a drug's EC 50 ? > a) Drug potency. > b) Drug efficacy. > c) Volume of Distribution. > d) Therapeutic Index

1.3 In the following illustration, which drug is the most efficacious? > > a) A. > b) B. > c) A, C, & D are equally efficacious. > d) D

1.4 In the following illustration, if B is an endogenous agonist, A is most likely? > > a. A competitive inhibitor. > b. A noncompetitive inhibitor. > c. An allosteric potentiator. > d. It is impossible to tell based in the information in this graph.

1.5 In the follow graph, which of the following parameters is a comparison of ED 50 to LD 50 ? > > a. Therapeutic Index > b. Standard Safety Margin > c. Therapeutic Window > d. None of the above

//Note: Need a question in this section to distinguish between characteristics of the different types of antagonism (pharmacological [competitive reversible and noncompetitive irreversible], physiological, chemical).//

2. Pharmacokinetics: Absorbtion & Distribution
2.1 Which of the following is **not** a factor influencing drug membrane passage?

> a. Molecular size > b. Lipid solubility > c. Volume of distribution > d. Degree of ionization > e. Concentration gradient

2.2 The fraction of drug reaching circulation following administration is known by which abbreviation? > a. LD > b. MD > c. F > d. V d

2.3 Which of the following routes of absorption are in the correct order in terms of rate of absorption? > a. intravenous =  subcutaneous  >  inhalational  >  intramuscular  >  oral > b. intravenous =  inhalational  >  subcutaneous  >  intramuscular  >  oral > c. intravenous =  inhalational  >  intramuscular  >  oral  >  subcutaneous > d. intravenous =  inhalational  >  intramuscular  >  subcutaneous  >  oral

2.4 Which of the following is true regarding the graph below? > > a. Drug B has an availability equal to that of drug A. > b. Drug C has a rate equal to that of drug A. > c. The availability of B & C are dictated by their peak plasma concentration. > d. The difference in AUC between A and C dictate their relative availabilities.

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=Answers:=

**1. Pharmacodynamics and Drug Receptors**
1.1 Which of the following is true for a drug that acts as a reversibly-binding partial agonist? > a) The effect of the drug cannot be overcome by an increase in the endogenous agonist. > b) The drug will have an effect on the E max of the endogenous agonist. > **c) The drug will have an effect on EC 50 of the endogenous agonist.** Because partial agonists occupy a receptor yet produce less effect than a full agonist, the partial agonist acts as an antagonist. Since it binds reversibly, this effectively makes the partial agonist a competitive inhibitor. Competitive inhibitors affect EC 50 whereas noncompetitive inhibitors affect E max . > d) The drug will effectively decrease the efficacy of the endogenous agonist. > e) B and C

1.2 Which of the following is most dependent on a drug's EC 50 ? > **a) Drug potency.** Drug potency is the dose necessary to reach EC 50 . > b) Drug efficacy. This is the maximum effect of a drug (E max ). > c) Volume of Distribution. Relates the amount of drug in the body to plasma concentration. > d) Therapeutic Index. This is the safety of the drug. (LD 50 /ED 50 -- Bigger number is better)

1.3 In the following illustration, which drug is the most efficacious? > > a) A. > b) B. B is the most potent. > **c) A, C, & D are equally efficacious.** > d) D

1.4 In the following illustration, if B is an endogenous agonist, A is most likely? > > **a. A competitive inhibitor.** > b. A noncompetitive inhibitor. This diagram shows the decrease in Emax that you would see with a noncompetitive inhibitor >>> > c. An allosteric potentiator. This diagram shows the decrease in EC 50 that you would see with a allosteric potentiator. >>> > d. It is impossible to tell based in the information in this graph.

1.5 In the follow graph, which of the following parameters is a comparison of ED 50 to LD 50 ? > > **a. Therapeutic Index** Measures mid-points. (LD 50 /ED 50 -- Bigger number is better) > b. Standard Safety Margin Measures end overlap. [(LD1 / ED99) - 1] X 100 > c. Therapeutic Window The safe “opening” between the minimum therapeutic concentration and the minimum toxic concentration of a drug in plasma. Shown below: >>> > d. None of the above

2. Pharmacokinetics: Absorbtion & Distribution
2.1 Which of the following is **not** a factor influencing drug membrane passage?

> a. Molecular size > b. Lipid solubility > **c. Volume of distribution** > d. Degree of ionization > e. Concentration gradient

2.2 The fraction of drug reaching circulation following administration is known by which abbreviation? > a. LD Loading dose - dose needed to reach specific plasma concentration (C p ) > b. MD Maintenance dose - dose needed to maintain plasma concentration. Equal to elimination. > **c. F** Bioavailability of Bioavailable **F**raction > d. V d Volume of Distribution

2.3 Which of the following routes of absorption are in the correct order in terms of rate of absorption? > a. intravenous =  subcutaneous  >  inhalational  >  intramuscular  >  oral > b. intravenous =  inhalational  >  subcutaneous  >  intramuscular  >  oral > c. intravenous =  inhalational  >  intramuscular  >  oral  >  subcutaneous > **d. intravenous =  inhalational  >  intramuscular  >  subcutaneous  >  oral**

2.4 Which of the following is true regarding the graph below? > > a. Drug B has an availability equal to that of drug A. AUC (Area Under Curve) is used to determine availability. B has much less area. > b. Drug C has a rate equal to that of drug A. Peak plasma concentration is compared to determine rate. C's peak is later than A's. > c. The availability of B & C are dictated by their peak plasma concentration. Peak plasma concentration is compared to determine rate. > **d. The difference in AUC between A and C dictate their relative availabilities.** AUC (Area Under Curve) is used to determine availability.