M2M+Unit+IV+Practice+Questions

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//The following are student-developed test questions taken from the Learning Objectives. For tips on how to create questions, take a look at: Tips For Making Practice Questons. For questions, contact Ben Wendell.//

=**__Questions (answers at bottom of page):__**=

1. Extracellular Matrix & Cell Adhesion
1.1 Which of the following is *not* a function provided by the ECM? > a. To provide a surface to which cells can attach and grow. > b. To help form distinct extracellular compartments. > c. To allow cells to act in concert with one another. > d. To provide plasma membrane support.

1.2 Which of the following always exist, in part, inside of the cellular membrane? > a. GAGs > b. PGs > c. Fibrous Proteins > d. Multidomain adapter proteins > e. CAMs

1.3 Which of the following is true regarding the basal lamina? > a. Collagen I is the main type of collagen in the basal lamina. > b. Laminin in the basal lamina is a frequent ligand of Integrins. > c. Fibronectin is only found in the basal lamina. > d. The basal lamina is, for the most part, amorphous.

1.4 Which of the following is true regarding GAGs? > a. They are a repeated disacharide chain that is usually around 80 monosacharides in length. > b. Sulfation and amino groups give GAGs a positive charge that enables them to recruit the water molecules that give them a gel-like consistency. > c. GAGs link to their core protein via a trisaccharide. > d. GAGs can have any number of branches.

1.5 Which of the following is true regarding Proteoglycans? > a. GAGs are usually attached to their core protein at their Arg-Gly-Asp binding sequence. > b. PGs may serve as reservoirs for growth factors and proteases in the ECM. > c. PGs only attach to cells via a Multidomain Adapter Protein. > d. PGs are composed of one core protein, a series of link saccharides, and zero or one GAG.

1.6 The most common form of Collagen is: > a. Collagen I > b. Collagen IV > c. Fibronectin > d. Laminin

1.7 The elasticity of the lungs, skin, and blood vessels is provided for by: > a. A type fibrous protein. > b. A type of multidomain adapter protein. > c. A type of proteoglycan. > d. A type of cell adhesion molecule.

1.8 25% of mammal protein mass is attributable to: > a. Albumin > b. Collagen > c. Elastin > d. Fibronectin

1.9 Which of the following classes of molecules serve primarily to link proteins embedded in the plasma membrane with structural proteins in the ECM? > a. GAGs > b. PGs > c. Fibrous Proteins > d. Multidomain adapter proteins > e. CAMs

1.10 Which of the following, in addition to fibronectin, usually include fibronectin type III seqeuences? > a. IgSF CAMs > b. Cadherins > c. Integrins > d. Laminins

1.11 The fibronectin type III seqeuences in fibronectin bind to: > a. IgSF CAMs > b. Cadherins > c. Integrins > d. Laminins

1.12 Fibronectin is: > a. Composed of composed of three subunits (alpha, beta, gamma). > b. Highly insoluble in the ECM. > c. An ideal substrate for neurons to grow on. > d. Lacking in domains that can bind collagen.

1.13 Laminin: > a. Is quite small compared to most proteins. > b. Has somewhat of a "V" shape with the point being a pair of disulfide bonds. > c. Is composed of two subunits (alpha, beta). > d. Like Fibronectin, has numberous binding sites for cells and other ECM protein.

1.14 Which of the following is *incorrect* regarding extracellular proteases? > a. Some require metal cations in order to function. > b. Some function only on one substrate. > c. Some may depend on a reactive threonine to catalyze reactions. > d. Some may activate proteolytic growth factors.

1.15 CAMs: > a. Adhere ECM molecules directly to the cell membrane. > b. Are somtimes reponsible for activating proteolytic growth factors in the ECM. > c. Are always linked to an actin-binding protein. > d. Are always linked to tumor suppressors.

1.17 Cadherins are similar to IgSF CAMs in that: > a. They are single-pass transmembrane glycoproteins. > b. They are homodimers. > c. They must both be exposed to calcium ions to be in their active conformation. > d. They are tough polymers that provide the tensile strength in connective tissues.

1.18 Which of the following CAMs is involved with leukocyte rolling? > a. Integrin > b. Selectin > c. Catenin > d. None of the above

1.19 Which of the following is most likely to be implicated in nephrotic syndome and in neuromuscular junction/muscle innervation problems in children? > a. Collagen > b. Fibronectin > c. Lamimin > d. Matrix Metalloproteases

10. Lung Cancer Vignette
10.1 Which of the following has the highest incidence?

> a. Small Cell Lung Cancer > b. Adenocarcinomas > c. Squamous-cell Carcinomas > d. Large-cell Carcinomas

10.2 Which of the following is indicitive of a lunger cancer that has invaded nearby lymph nodes?

> a. Stage I > b. Stage II > c. Stage III > d. Stage IV

10.3 What are the incidence (US) and 5-year survival rate of lung cancers as a whole?

> a. 200,000 and 16% > b. 500,000 and 25% > c. 1,000,000 and 35% > d. 2,000,000 and 45%

10.4 Which of the following is an example of targeted therapy?

> a. Using chemotherapy to target rapidly dividing cells. > b. Using a narrow beam of radiation to target cancer cells in a certain area of the body. > c. Using Cetuximab to inhibit the EGFR receptor. > d. Using surgery to remove pre-malignant lesions.

13. Muscular Dystrophy w/Patient Vignette
Which of the following is true regarding DMD?

> a. It follows an autosomal recessive pattern. > b. It has a frequency of 1/3500 in all infants. > c. May show Gower's sign as early in childhood. > d. It caused by a defect in dystrophin, which is responsible for bundling sarcomeres.

14. Mitochondria and Peroxisomes
=__Answers:__=

1. Extracellular Matrix & Cell Adhesion
1.1 Which of the following is *not* a function provided by the ECM? > a. To provide a surface to which cells can attach and grow. > b. To help form distinct extracellular compartments. > c. To allow cells to act in concert with one another. > **d. To provide plasma membrane support.** This is a function of the cytoskeleton.

1.2 Which of the following always exist, in part, inside of the cellular membrane? > a. GAGs > b. PGs These *occasionally* exist in the cellular membrane > c. Fibrous Proteins > d. Multidomain adapter proteins > **e. CAMs**

1.3 Which of the following is true regarding the basal lamina? > a. Collagen I is the main type of collagen in the basal lamina. Collagen IV > **b. Laminin in the basal lamina is a frequent ligand of Integrins.** > c. Fibronectin is only found in the basal lamina. Laminin is only found in the basal lamina. > d. The basal lamina is, for the most part, amorphous. The basal lamina is a discernible structure, microscopically.

1.4 Which of the following is true regarding GAGs? > **a. They are a repeated disaccharide chain that is usually around 80 monosaccharides in length.** > b. Sulfation and amino groups give GAGs a positive charge that enables them to recruit the water molecules that give them a gel-like consistency. Sulfation and COO- groups give them a negative charge that attract water molecules. > c. GAGs link to their core protein via a trisaccharide. Tetrasaccharide. > d. GAGs can have any number of branches. They only have one branch (linear).

1.5 Which of the following is true regarding Proteoglycans? > a. GAGs are usually attached to their core protein at their Arg-Gly-Asp binding sequence. They attach at serines. > **b. PGs may serve as reservoirs for growth factors and proteases in the ECM.** > c. PGs only attach to cells via a Multidomain Adapter Protein. May exist as a membrane protein. > d. PGs are composed of one core protein, a series of link saccharides, and zero or one GAG. May have one or more GAGs.

1.6 The most common form of Collagen is: > **a. Collagen I** > b. Collagen IV > c. Fibronectin > d. Laminin

1.7 The elasticity of the lungs, skin, and blood vessels is provided for by: > **a. A type fibrous protein.** Elastin. > b. A type of multidomain adapter protein. > c. A type of proteoglycan. > d. A type of cell adhesion molecule.

1.8 25% of mammal protein mass is attributable to: > a. Albumin > **b. Collagen** The most common protein by mass. > c. Elastin > d. Fibronectin

1.9 Which of the following classes of molecules serve primarily to link proteins embedded in the plasma membrane with structural proteins in the ECM? > a. GAGs > b. PGs > c. Fibrous Proteins > **d. Multidomain adapter proteins** > e. CAMs

1.10 Which of the following, in addition to fibronectin, usually include fibronectin type III seqeuences? > **a. IgSF CAMs** > b. Cadherins > c. Integrins > d. Laminins

1.11 The fibronectin type III seqeuences in fibronectin bind to: > a. IgSF CAMs > b. Cadherins > **c. Integrins** > d. Laminins

1.12 Fibronectin is: > a. Composed of composed of three subunits (alpha, beta, gamma). Laminin is. Fibronectin has two (double) disulfide-linked domains. > **b. Highly insoluble in the ECM.** Due to RGD repeats. > c. An ideal substrate for neurons to grow on. Neurons tend not to grow well on fibronectin. But they do grow well on laminin, which demonstrates specificity in multidomain adapter proteins. > d. Lacking in domains that can bind collagen.

1.13 Laminin: > a. Is quite small compared to most proteins. It is quite large. > b. Has somewhat of a "V" shape with the point being a pair of disulfide bonds. This is true of the Fibronectin exemplified in the powerpoint. > c. Is composed of two subunits (alpha, beta). > **d. Like Fibronectin, has numberous binding sites for cells and other ECM protein.**

1.14 Which of the following is *incorrect* regarding extracellular proteases? > a. Some require metal cations in order to function. > b. Some function only on one substrate. > **c. Some may depend on a reactive threonine to catalyze reactions.** The two types depend on metal cations or serine. > d. Some may activate proteolytic growth factors.

1.15 CAMs: > a. Adhere ECM molecules directly to the cell membrane. The cell membrane is too fragile to attach directly to the ECM. ECM elements must, in one way or another, attach indirectly to the cytoskeleton. > b. Are somtimes reponsible for activating proteolytic growth factors in the ECM. Extracellular proteases have this activity. > c. Are always linked to an actin-binding protein. > d. Are always linked to tumor suppressors. Sometimes, they are. Cadherins are linked to catenins, which may have tumor suppressor functionality.

1.17 Cadherins are similar to IgSF CAMs in that: > **a. They are single-pass transmembrane glycoproteins.** > b. They are homodimers. Only cadherins are homodimers. > c. They must both be exposed to calcium ions to be in their active conformation. Only cadherins need Ca to be activated. > d. They are tough polymers that provide the tensile strength in connective tissues. This is true of neither and true of collagen.

1.18 Which of the following CAMs is involved with leukocyte rolling? > a. Integrin > **b. Selectin** > c. Catenin > d. None of the above

1.19 Which of the following is most likely to be implicated in nephrotic syndome and in neuromuscular junction/muscle innervation problems in children? > a. Collagen > b. Fibronectin > **c. Lamimin** > d. Matrix Metalloproteases

10. Lung Cancer Vignette
10.1 Which of the following has the highest incidence?

> a. Small Cell Lung Cancer 15-20% > **b. Adenocarcinomas** 60-70% > c. Squamous-cell Carcinomas > d. Large-cell Carcinomas Rare

10.2 Which of the following is indicitive of a lunger cancer that has invaded nearby lymph nodes?

> a. Stage I Local cancer (surgery 60-70% cure rate) > **b. Stage II (surgery 40-55% cure rate) ** > c. Stage III Multiple cancer sites in lung (IIIa Chemo or surgery, 10-25% and 35% cure rates) > d. Stage IV Distant metastases (liver, bone marrow, adrenals) -- (IIIb and IV - very low cure rates. Mostly palliative.)

10.3 What are the incidence (US) and 5-year survival rate of lung cancers as a whole?

> **a. 200,000 and 16%** > b. 500,000 and 25% > c. 1,000,000 and 35% > d. 2,000,000 and 45%

10.4 Which of the following is an example of targeted therapy?

> a. Using chemotherapy to target rapidly dividing cells. > b. Using a narrow beam of radiation to target cancer cells in a certain area of the body. > **c. Using Cetuximab to inhibit the EGFR receptor.** Targeted therapy refers to methods that interfer with a biochemical pathway. > d. Using surgery to remove pre-malignant lesions.

13. Muscular Dystrophy w/Patient Vignette
Which of the following is true regarding DMD?

> a. It follows an autosomal recessive pattern. It is X-linked recessive. Arising spontaneously in 1/3 of cases. > b. It has a frequency of 1/3500 in all infants. 1/3500 **male** infants. > **c. May show Gower's sign as early in childhood.** > d. It caused by a defect in dystrophin, which is responsible for bundling sarcomeres. Dystrophin is responsible for linking the cytoskeleton to the ECM.

14. Mitochondria and Peroxisomes
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