BL+Unit+I+Practice+Questions

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//The following are student-developed test questions taken from the Learning Objectives. For tips on how to create questions, take a look at: Tips For Making Practice Questons. For questions, contact Ben Wendell.//

=**Questions (answers at bottom of page):**=

1. Overview of Hematology
1.1 Which of the following is the result of a mutation of a gene that codes for an enzyme that is responsible for reducing reactive oxygen species in RBCs? > a. Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency > b. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency > c. Thalassemia > d. Spherocytosis

1.2 Which of the following is not necesary to create a functional RBC? > a. B12 > b. Folic acid > c. Iron > d. Erythropoietin > e. None of the above

2. Blood Cell Types
2.1 What are the following cell types (in order)? > a) RBC, Lymphocyte, Platelet, Eosinophil, Monocyte, Neutrophil, Basophil, Band Cell > b) Erythrocyte, Lymphocyte, Platelet, Basophil, Monocyte, Band Cell, Eosinophil, Neutrophil > c) RBC, Monocyte, Thrombocyte, Basophil, Lymphocyte, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Band Cell > d) Erythrocyte, Lymphocyte, Thrombocyte, Basophil, Monocyte, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Band Cell

2.2 A count of 800 / μL is within normal limits for which of the following cell types? > a. Monocytes > b. Neutrophils > c. Platelets > d. Basophils

2.3 It is not out of the ordinary to find which of the following cells missing entirely from a CBC? > a. Neutrophils > b. Eosinophils > c. Monocytes > d. Lymphocytes

3. Overview: From Innate to Adaptive Immunity
3.1 - 3.11 Match the terms with their letters. Answers may used more than one or not at all.
 * **Questions** || || **Answers** ||
 * 3.1 T cell ||  || a. An activated B cell. ||
 * 3.2 TLR ||  || b. This cell serves as the interface between innate and adaptive immune responses. ||
 * 3.3 PAMP ||  || c. This molecule of the innate immune system is produced by epithelia and burrows holes pathogen membranes. ||
 * 3.4 Cathelicidin ||  || d. This is a sub-type of PRR that is homologous to similar receptor in the fruit fly. ||
 * 3.5 Dendritic Cells ||  || e. This is the mother of all inflammatory transcription factors ||
 * 3.6 Antigenic Determinant/Epitope ||  || f. Cells of this type may release short range mediators called lymphokines ||
 * 3.7 NF-κB ||  || g. When activated, cells of this type release antibodies. ||
 * 3.8 MHC Class II ||  || h. A type of chemokine. ||
 * 3.9 B Cell ||  || i. A foreign molecule structure that the innate immune system might recognize as being a pathogen. ||
 * 3.10 Plasma Cell ||  || j. A smaller part of a larger molecule that fits into a lymphocyte's receptor. ||
 * 3.11 Defensin ||  || k. This is one type of antigen-presenting molecule. ||

3.12 Which helper T cell helps B cells to get activated so that the B cell may produce IgM, IgG, IgE, and IgA antibodies? > a. Th1 > b. Th17 > c. Th2 > d. Tfh > d. Treg

3.13 Which of the following T cells has the CD8 molecular marker (which helps in increasing antigen affinity) but does not interact with MHC Class II molecules? > a. CTL > b. Th1 > c. Th17 > d. Th2

3.14-3.18 Match the antibody with its function:
 * **Questions** || --- || **Answers** ||
 * 3.14 IgG ||  || a. This antibody is a first line defense in tears, saliva, genitourinary fluids, intestinal fluids, and milk. ||
 * 3.15 IgM ||  || b. This antibody is inserted into B cell membranes as an antigen receptor. ||
 * 3.16 IgD ||  || c. This antibody is attached to mast cells. ||
 * 3.17 IgA ||  || d. This is the most abundant antibody in the body and is involved in the complement system. It is the only type of antibody that is passed from mother to fetus. ||
 * 3.18 IgE ||  || e. This is the first antigen to appear in the blood after exposure to a new antigen. It's replaced by a different antibody a week or two later. ||

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=Answers:=

**1. Overview of Hematology**
1.1 Which of the following is the result of a mutation of a gene that codes for an enzyme that is responsible for reducing reactive oxygen species in RBCs? > a. Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency This is a disorder in the glycolytic pathway. > **b. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency** > c. Thalassemia This is a disorder involving a lack of α or β hemoglobin subunits > d. Spherocytosis This is due to a disorder involving cytoskeletal/transmembrane proteins.

**2. Blood Cell Types**
2.1 What are the following cell types (in order)? > a) RBC, Lymphocyte, Platelet, Eosinophil Granules stain red, Monocyte, Neutrophil, Basophil , Band Cell > b) Erythrocyte, Lymphocyte, Platelet, Basophil, Monocyte, Band Cell Nucleus connections must be thicker than 1/3 of a lobe to be band cell , Eosinophil, Neutrophil > c) RBC, Monocyte, Thrombocyte, Basophil, Lymphocyte This cell has a band-like nucleus and no granules--must be monocyte , Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Band Cell > **d) Erythrocyte, Lymphocyte, Thrombocyte, Basophil, Monocyte, Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Band Cell**

2.2 A count of 800 / μL is within normal limits for which of the following cell types? > **a. Monocytes** > b. Neutrophils > c. Platelets > d. Basophils

2.3 It is not out of the ordinary to find which of the following cells missing entirely from a CBC? > a. Neutrophils > **b. Eosinophils** And Basophils > c. Monocytes > d. Lymphocytes

**3. Overview: From Innate to Adaptive Immunity**
3.1 - 3.11 Match the terms with their letters. Answers may used more than one or not at all.
 * **Questions** || --- || **Answers** ||
 * 3.1 T cell ||< **F** || a. An activated B cell. ||
 * 3.2 TLR ||< **D** || b. This cell serves as the interface between innate and adaptive immune responses. ||
 * 3.3 PAMP ||< **I** || c. This molecule of the innate immune system is produced by epithelia and burrows holes pathogen membranes. ||
 * 3.4 Cathelicidin ||< **C** || d. This is a sub-type of PRR that is homologous to similar receptor in the fruit fly. ||
 * 3.5 Dendritic Cells ||< **B** || e. This is the mother of all inflammatory transcription factors ||
 * 3.6 Antigenic Determinant/Epitope ||< **J** || f. Cells of this type may release short range mediators called lymphokines ||
 * 3.7 NF-κB ||< **E** || g. When activated, cells of this type release antibodies. ||
 * 3.8 MHC Class II ||< **K** || h. A type of chemokine. ||
 * 3.9 B Cell ||< **G** || i. A foreign molecule structure recognized by the innate immune system as being a pathogen. ||
 * 3.10 Plasma Cell ||< **A** || j. A smaller part of a larger molecule that fits into a lymphocyte's receptor. ||
 * 3.11 Defensin ||< **C** || k. This is one type of antigen-presenting molecule. ||

3.12 Which helper T cell helps B cells to get activated so that the B cell may produce IgM, IgG, IgE, and IgA antibodies? > a. Th1 Inflammatin, lymphokines > b. Th17 Similar to Th1 with more powerful inflammation > c. Th2 Walls of pathogens, important in parasite immunity > **d. Tfh** aka Follicular Helper T Cells > d. Treg Regulates Th1, Th2, & Th17

3.13 Which of the following T cells has the CD8 molecular marker (which helps in increasing antigen affinity) but does not interact with MHC Class II molecules? > **a. CTL** aka Cytotoxic T Cells > b. Th1 > c. Th17 > d. Th2

3.14-3.18 Match the antibody with its function:
 * **Questions** || --- || **Answers** ||
 * 3.14 IgG || **D** || a. This antibody is a first line defense in tears, saliva, genitourinary fluids, intestinal fluids, and milk. ||
 * 3.15 IgM || **E** || b. This antibody is inserted into B cell membranes as an antigen receptor. ||
 * 3.16 IgD || **B** || c. This antibody is attached to mast cells. ||
 * 3.17 IgA || **A** || d. This is the most abundant antibody in the body and is involved in the complement system. It is the only type of antibody that is passed from mother to fetus. ||
 * 3.18 IgE || **C** || e. This is the first antigen to appear in the blood after exposure to a new antigen. It's replaced by a different antibody a week or two later. ||